a co chcesz wykonać w gta?? Też jestem zainteresowany tym tematem, ale nie wiem jak nadpisywać adresy pamięci. Natomiast wiem że .asi dają ogromne możliwości. Mam taki kod, może Ci się do czegoś przyda, aczkolwiek nie jest to mój kod

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// A better exception handler for GTA3 and GTA:Vice City
// By kyeman (and eAi) 9/13/2004.
//
// compile as .dll in msvc++6.0 and rename as .asi
// place in vc root
//
// 9/15/2004: (eAi) Added loads of features, mainly the new scm
// view that allows you to see a trace of the last scm
// functions called. Also now outputs to a file (in your
// game folder in a sub folder called "Crash Logs".
// Rewritten lots of things to work better with the new
// scm view. EFLAGS is now shown as binary.
// 9/14/2004: (eAi) Added GTA3 1.0 and 1.1 support. Changed some small
// things, such as the byte value for vc 1.0. Also added floats
// to output message, and "bad version" error message.
// Fixed: Double EDX output (meaning EFlags was lost)
// 9/14/2004: (me) Added 1.1 support, register display and scm thread.
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "resource.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <direct.h>
#include "exceptions.h"

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Using many globals to avoid stack alteration in naked hooks.

HANDLE hInstance =0;

// Addresses (defaulted to Vice 1.0)
DWORD opcodeint_hook_storage = 0x44FC3C;
DWORD opcodeint_proc_hook = 0x44FC1B;
DWORD opcodeint_ret_addr = 0x44FC21;

DWORD get_params_hook_storage = 0x44FD69;
DWORD get_params_ret_addr = 0x451017;
DWORD get_params_proc_hook = 0x451010;

DWORD exceptbox_hook_storage = 0x44FC6A;
DWORD exceptbox_proc_hook = 0x677E72;
DWORD exceptbox_ret_addr = 0x677EA9;

DWORD scm_parameters = 0x7D7438;
DWORD scm_script_base = 0x821280;

PDWORD pdwScmParams = (PDWORD)0x7D7438;

PGAME_SCRIPT_THREAD pLastScriptThread;
PCONTEXT pContextRecord;

DWORD dwSavedESP = 0;
DWORD dwSavedEBP = 0;
WORD _last_opcode = 0;
CHAR _opcode_info_string[BIG_STR_BUFFER];
DWORD _opcode_params = 0;

SCRIPT_LOG dwScriptLog[SCRIPT_LOG_SIZE] = { '' };
DWORD dwScriptLogPosition = 0;

BOOL boolIsVice = FALSE;
OPCODE_DEF odLoadedOpcodes[1500] = { '' };

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

BOOL CALLBACK GuiDlgProcMain( HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
DWORD i = 0;
CHAR sOpcodeInformation[255] = { '' };
CHAR _error_string[BIG_STR_BUFFER] = { '' };
CHAR _error_string_scm[HUGE_STR_BUFFER] = { '' };
CHAR sCurrentWorkingDirectory[255] = { '' };
CHAR sErrorLogPath[255] = { '' };
CHAR sOutputToFile[HUGE_STR_BUFFER] = { '' };
CHAR sBinaryOutput[31] = { '' };
CHAR game_version_string[25] = { '' };
CHAR dialog_caption[50] = { '' };

HFONT hFont = 0;
HMENU hSystemMenu = 0;
DWORD dwMenuItemCount = 0;
MENUITEMINFO miiNewMenu = { '' };

BYTE bNewValue = 1;

time_t tm;
struct tm *ltime;

FILE * fDebugLog;

switch( uMsg )
{
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
ShowCursor(1);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch( LOWORD(wParam) )
{
case IDC_OK_BUTTON:
EndDialog( hDlg, TRUE );
ExitProcess(0);
break;
case IDC_OK_DEBUG:
EndDialog( hDlg, TRUE );
break;
}
break;

case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
if(wParam == 1)
{
MessageBox(hDlg,"GTA Exception Handlern--------------------nCreated by Kyeman & eAinnFor more information see www.gtaforums.com","About",64);
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
break;
case WM_INITDIALOG:

OutputDebugString("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------");

GetOpcodeName(_last_opcode, sOpcodeInformation);

// cat address and SCM info.
sprintf(_error_string,"Exception at address:t0x%08XrnLast SCM executed:t%04X %srnIn thread:tt%srnrn",
pContextRecord->Eip,_last_opcode,sOpcodeInformation,pLastScriptThread->strName);

// cat register info
sprintf(_error_string+strlen(_error_string),
"Registers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------rn"
"EAX: 0x%08XtEBX: 0x%08XtECX: 0x%08XtEDX: 0x%08Xrn"
"ESI: 0x%08XtEDI: 0x%08XtEBP: 0x%08XtESP: 0x%08Xrn"
"EFLAGS: %srn",
pContextRecord->Eax,
pContextRecord->Ebx,
pContextRecord->Ecx,
pContextRecord->Edx,
pContextRecord->Esi,
pContextRecord->Edi,
pContextRecord->Ebp,
pContextRecord->Esp,
itoa(pContextRecord->EFlags, sBinaryOutput, 2)
);

SetDlgItemText(hDlg,IDC_ERROR_AREA, _error_string);

OutputDebugString(_error_string);
OutputDebugString("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------");

for(i = dwScriptLogPosition; i >= 1; i--)
{
if(dwScriptLog[i].dwScriptIP != 0)
{
OutputOpcodeFromSIP(&dwScriptLog[i], sOpcodeInformation);
sprintf(_error_string_scm+strlen(_error_string_scm),
"%srn", sOpcodeInformation);
}
}

for(i = SCRIPT_LOG_SIZE; i > dwScriptLogPosition; i--)
{
if(dwScriptLog[i].dwScriptIP != 0)
{
OutputOpcodeFromSIP(&dwScriptLog[i], sOpcodeInformation);
sprintf(_error_string_scm+strlen(_error_string_scm),
"%srn", sOpcodeInformation);
}
}

hFont = CreateFont(9, 0, 0, 0 ,0, FALSE, FALSE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "FixedSys");

SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hDlg,IDC_ERROR_AREA2),WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, TRUE);

SetDlgItemText(hDlg,IDC_ERROR_AREA2, _error_string_scm);

// play a beep so that the user knows the error has happened
MessageBeep(MB_ICONASTERISK);

// now hide the window
if(boolIsVice == TRUE)
ShowWindow(FindWindow(NULL,"GTA: Vice City"), SW_MINIMIZE);
else
ShowWindow(FindWindow(NULL,"GTA3"), SW_MINIMIZE);

OutputDebugString(_error_string_scm);
OutputDebugString("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------");

// write it to a file
getcwd(sCurrentWorkingDirectory,255);
sprintf(sCurrentWorkingDirectory, "%s\%s", sCurrentWorkingDirectory, "Crash Logs");

if(chdir(sCurrentWorkingDirectory))
{
mkdir(sCurrentWorkingDirectory);
chdir(sCurrentWorkingDirectory);
}

time( &tm );

ltime = localtime( &tm );
ltime->tm_mon++;
ltime->tm_year += 1900;

memset(sOpcodeInformation, 0, strlen(sOpcodeInformation));
GetOpcodeName(_last_opcode, sOpcodeInformation);

sprintf(sErrorLogPath,"%s\log_%s_%02i_%02i_%04i-%02i_%02i_%02i.log",sCurrentWorkingDirectory, sOpcodeInformation, ltime->tm_mday, ltime->tm_mon, ltime->tm_year, ltime->tm_hour, ltime->tm_min, ltime->tm_sec);
fDebugLog = fopen(sErrorLogPath,"w");

switch(DetermineGTAVersion())
{
case VICE_10: strcpy(game_version_string,"Vice City 1.0"); break;
case VICE_11: strcpy(game_version_string,"Vice City 1.1"); break;
case GTA3_10: strcpy(game_version_string,"Grand Theft Auto 3 1.0"); break;
case GTA3_11: strcpy(game_version_string,"Grand Theft Auto 3 1.1"); break;
}

sprintf(dialog_caption, "GTA Exception Handler - %s", game_version_string);
SetWindowText(hDlg,dialog_caption);

sprintf(sOutputToFile, "%srn###################################################################################rnScm Output follows, top line was last line executed before the unhandled exception.rn###################################################################################rnrn%srnrn%s", _error_string, _error_string_scm, game_version_string);

if(fDebugLog)
{
fwrite(sOutputToFile,1,strlen(sOutputToFile),fDebugLog);
fclose(fDebugLog);
}
// add our About menu
hSystemMenu = GetSystemMenu(hDlg,FALSE);
dwMenuItemCount = GetMenuItemCount(hSystemMenu);
miiNewMenu.cbSize = sizeof(MENUITEMINFO);
miiNewMenu.fMask = MIIM_ID | MIIM_TYPE;
miiNewMenu.fType = MFT_SEPARATOR;
miiNewMenu.wID = 0;
InsertMenuItem(hSystemMenu,dwMenuItemCount,1, &miiNewMenu);

miiNewMenu.fState = MFS_ENABLED;
miiNewMenu.fMask = MIIM_ID | MIIM_TYPE | MIIM_STATE;
miiNewMenu.fType = MFT_STRING;
miiNewMenu.wID = 1;
miiNewMenu.dwTypeData = "&About";
miiNewMenu.cch = strlen("&About");

InsertMenuItem(hSystemMenu,dwMenuItemCount + 1,1, &miiNewMenu);

break;
case WM_CLOSE:
case WM_DESTROY:
EndDialog( hDlg, TRUE );
break;
}

return FALSE;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved)
{
if(DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH==fdwReason)
{
hInstance = hinstDLL;
switch(DetermineGTAVersion())
{
case VICE_10:
boolIsVice = TRUE; // used for a hook
InstallOpcodeInterpreterHook();
InstallExceptionBoxHook();

break;
case VICE_11:
boolIsVice = TRUE; // used for a hook
exceptbox_proc_hook = 0x677EC2;
exceptbox_ret_addr = 0x677EF9;
pdwScmParams = (PDWORD)0x7D7440;

InstallOpcodeInterpreterHook();
InstallExceptionBoxHook();

break;
case GTA3_10:
opcodeint_proc_hook = 0x43953B;
opcodeint_hook_storage = 0x43955C;
opcodeint_ret_addr = 0x439541;

exceptbox_proc_hook = 0x5D8DF2;
exceptbox_ret_addr = 0x5D8E29;
exceptbox_hook_storage = 0x4395BA;

scm_parameters = 0x6ED460;
scm_script_base = 0x74B248;

pdwScmParams = (PDWORD)0x6ED460;

InstallOpcodeInterpreterHookGta3();
InstallExceptionBoxHookGta3();

break;
case GTA3_11:
opcodeint_proc_hook = 0x43953B;
opcodeint_hook_storage = 0x43955C;
opcodeint_ret_addr = 0x439541;

exceptbox_proc_hook = 0x5D90B2;
exceptbox_ret_addr = 0x05D90E9;
exceptbox_hook_storage = 0x4395BA;

scm_parameters = 0x6ED460;
scm_script_base = 0x74B248;

pdwScmParams = (PDWORD)0x6ED460;

InstallOpcodeInterpreterHookGta3();
InstallExceptionBoxHookGta3();

break;
case UNKNOWN_VERSION:
MessageBox(0,"Unknown GTA version, exception handler not installed", "Error", 0);
return FALSE;
break;
}

LoadOpcodes();
}

return TRUE;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// From Spooky's code on gtaforums

int DetermineGTAVersion()
{
BYTE* VerCheck = (BYTE*)0x608578; // Byte at 0x608578 = 0x81 in VC 1.1, 0x5D in VC 1.0, 0x38 GTA3 1.1, 0x57 GTA3 1.0

switch (*VerCheck)
{
case 0x81: return VICE_11;
case 0x5D: return VICE_10; // I've changed this to 0x5D as thats what I see it as - was 0x5B (eAi)
case 0x38: return GTA3_11;
case 0x57: return GTA3_10;
}

return UNKNOWN_VERSION;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

VOID LoadOpcodes()
{
PCHAR equ_pos;
PCHAR comma_pos;

INT equ_array_pos=0;
CHAR opcode_string[10];
CHAR split_string[LITTLE_STR_BUFFER];
CHAR scm_name_string[LITTLE_STR_BUFFER];

UINT test_opcode=0;
UINT num_params;
UINT x=0;

FILE * fileScmIni;

CHAR line_buffer[BIG_STR_BUFFER];

float fScmParam = 0.0f;

if(DetermineGTAVersion() == VICE_11 || DetermineGTAVersion() == VICE_10)
{
fileScmIni = fopen("scm_vice.ini","r");
if(!fileScmIni)
{
MessageBox(0,"The required file 'scm_vice.ini' could not be found.","Error - File not found",0);
ExitProcess(0);
return;
}
}
else
{
fileScmIni = fopen("scm_gta3.ini","r");
if(!fileScmIni)
{
MessageBox(0,"The required file 'scm_gta3.ini' could not be found.","Error - File not found",0);
ExitProcess(0);
return;
}
}

while(!feof(fileScmIni))
{
fgets(line_buffer,LITTLE_STR_BUFFER,fileScmIni);
line_buffer[strlen(line_buffer)-1] = '';

if(NULL!=(equ_pos=strchr(line_buffer,'=')))
{

equ_array_pos = equ_pos - line_buffer;
memcpy(opcode_string, line_buffer, equ_array_pos);
opcode_string[equ_array_pos]='';

test_opcode = (UINT)strtoul(opcode_string,NULL,16);


strncpy(split_string,equ_pos+1,LITTLE_STR_BUFFER);

comma_pos=strchr(split_string,',');
if(!comma_pos) return;

*comma_pos = '';
strcpy(scm_name_string,comma_pos+1);

strcpy(odLoadedOpcodes[test_opcode].bName, scm_name_string);

num_params = atoi(split_string);

odLoadedOpcodes[test_opcode].dwParameterCount = num_params;
}
}
fclose(fileScmIni);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

BOOL GetOpcodeName(WORD dwOpcode, PCHAR ret_buffer)
{
if(strlen(odLoadedOpcodes[dwOpcode].bName))
{
strcpy(ret_buffer,odLoadedOpcodes[dwOpcode].bName);
return TRUE;
}
else
{
sprintf(ret_buffer,"unknown_%X", dwOpcode);
return FALSE;
}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

VOID OutputOpcodeFromSIP(PSCRIPT_LOG pScripLog, PCHAR ret_buffer)
{
// we minus two as this is the parameter pointer,
// not the opcode pointer (params are two bytes
// after the opcode start)
DWORD dwOpcodeOrigin = scm_script_base + pScripLog->dwScriptIP - 2;
WORD wOpcode = *(PWORD)dwOpcodeOrigin;
char wszOpcodeName[255] = { '' };
char wszOpcodeParams[255] = { '' };
char wszPadding[50] = { '' };
DWORD dwPaddingSize = 0;

GetOpcodeName(wOpcode,wszOpcodeName);
GetOpcodeParameters(pScripLog, odLoadedOpcodes[wOpcode].dwParameterCount, wszOpcodeParams);

dwPaddingSize = 30 - strlen(wszOpcodeName);
if(dwPaddingSize)
memset(wszPadding,32,dwPaddingSize);

if(!strcmp(wszOpcodeName,"jump") || !strcmp(wszOpcodeName,"jt") || !strcmp(wszOpcodeName,"jf") || !strcmp(wszOpcodeName,"gosub"))
sprintf(ret_buffer, "%s %s @%s", wszOpcodeName, wszPadding, wszOpcodeParams);
else
sprintf(ret_buffer, "%s %s %s", wszOpcodeName, wszPadding, wszOpcodeParams);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

VOID GetOpcodeParameters(PSCRIPT_LOG pScripLog, DWORD dwParamCount, PCHAR ret_buffer)
{
DWORD dwSIP = pScripLog->dwScriptIP;
BYTE bCurrentParameter = 0;
BYTE bParameterDataType = 0;
DWORD bCurrentParameterType = 0;
DWORD dwParameterAddress = dwSIP + scm_script_base;
DWORD dwVariableID = 0;

DWORD perm1,perm2;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)dwParameterAddress,1000,PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);

while(bCurrentParameter < dwParamCount)
{
bCurrentParameter++;
bCurrentParameterType = *(BYTE *)dwParameterAddress;
dwParameterAddress += 1;
switch(bCurrentParameterType)
{
case DATA_TYPE_DWORD:

sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%d", *(DWORD *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 4;
break;

case DATA_TYPE_VARIABLE:

/* HERE BE A PROBLEM
dwVariableID = (*(WORD *)dwParameterAddress - 12); // we ignore the first 12 bytes (if you set $var000c to 23, the script storage start + 0x18 = 23 (bit))
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"$var%04x = %d", dwVariableID, pScripLog->dwGlobalVariables[dwVariableID / sizeof(DWORD)]);
*/

sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"$var%04X", *(WORD *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 2;
break;

case DATA_TYPE_WORD:

sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%d", *(WORD *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 2;
break;

case DATA_TYPE_BYTE:

sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%d", *(BYTE *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 1;
break;

case DATA_TYPE_WORD_2:
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%d", *(WORD *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 2;
break;

case DATA_TYPE_FLOAT:
if(boolIsVice)
{
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%.4f", *(float *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += 4;
}
else
{
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),"%.4f", ((float)(*(short *)dwParameterAddress) / 16));
dwParameterAddress += 2;
}

break;

default:

dwParameterAddress -= 1; // strings start at the first byte
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),""%s"", (CHAR *)dwParameterAddress);
dwParameterAddress += strlen((CHAR *)dwParameterAddress);
break;

}
sprintf(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer),", ");
}

if(strlen(ret_buffer))
memset(ret_buffer+strlen(ret_buffer)-2,0,2);

dwParameterAddress = dwSIP + scm_script_base;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)dwParameterAddress,1000,perm1,&perm2);

}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void _declspec(naked) OpcodeInterpreterHook()
{
_asm mov pLastScriptThread, ecx
_asm and edx, 7FFFh
_asm mov _last_opcode, dx
_asm mov dwSavedESP, esp
_asm mov dwSavedEBP, ebp

_asm pushad

// save the last lot of scm parameters
memcpy(dwScriptLog[dwScriptLogPosition].dwParameters, &scm_parameters, sizeof(DWORD)*SCM_PARAM_COUNT);
memcpy(dwScriptLog[dwScriptLogPosition].dwGlobalVariables, &scm_script_base + 12, sizeof(DWORD)*SCM_GLOBALS_COUNT);

dwScriptLogPosition++;
dwScriptLog[dwScriptLogPosition].dwScriptIP = pLastScriptThread->dwScriptIP;
if(dwScriptLogPosition > SCRIPT_LOG_SIZE)
dwScriptLogPosition = 0;

_asm popad
_asm jmp opcodeint_ret_addr
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void _declspec(naked) ExceptionBoxHook()
{
_asm mov pContextRecord, esi
_asm pushad

DialogBox( hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_EXCEPTION_DIALOG), NULL, (DLGPROC)GuiDlgProcMain );

_asm popad
_asm jmp exceptbox_ret_addr
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void InstallOpcodeInterpreterHook()
{
BYTE instructions[] = {OPCODEINT_HOOK_INSTRUCTIONCODE};

DWORD perm1,perm2;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
*(PDWORD)opcodeint_hook_storage = (DWORD)OpcodeInterpreterHook;
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),perm1,&perm2);

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
memcpy((PVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,instructions,sizeof(instructions));
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),perm1,&perm2);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void InstallOpcodeInterpreterHookGta3()
{
BYTE instructions[] = {GTA3_OPCODEINT_HOOK_INSTRUCTIONCODE};

DWORD perm1,perm2;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
*(PDWORD)opcodeint_hook_storage = (DWORD)OpcodeInterpreterHook;
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),perm1,&perm2);

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
memcpy((PVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,instructions,sizeof(instructions));
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)opcodeint_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),perm1,&perm2);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void InstallExceptionBoxHook()
{
BYTE instructions[] = {EXCEPTBOX_HOOK_INSTRUCTIONCODE};

DWORD perm1,perm2;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
*(PDWORD)exceptbox_hook_storage = (DWORD)ExceptionBoxHook;
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),perm1,&perm2);

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
memcpy((PVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,instructions,sizeof(instructions));
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),perm1,&perm2);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void InstallExceptionBoxHookGta3()
{
BYTE instructions[] = {GTA3_EXCEPTBOX_HOOK_INSTRUCTIONCODE};

DWORD perm1,perm2;

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
*(PDWORD)exceptbox_hook_storage = (DWORD)ExceptionBoxHook;
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_hook_storage,sizeof(DWORD),perm1,&perm2);

VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&perm1);
memcpy((PVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,instructions,sizeof(instructions));
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)exceptbox_proc_hook,sizeof(instructions),perm1,&perm2);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////